According to the 2000 census, there are now some 35 million
Latinos living in the United States, accounting for over twelve percent of the nation's
population. That's a significant increase from the 1990 census, and the impact can be felt even
in American cities not traditionally known for their large Hispanic populations. They wait
in a renovated parking lot as employers phone or drive by, with offers of carpentry,
gardening and other day work. Margarito Rodriguez says he's already turned down a job, hoping
for one that pays more: RODRIGUEZ: "We need to show up at 6:30 in the morning, sign up and we go by the lottery. And I know
just be patient, don't be hurried. There are many places they can help us."
Margarito Rodriguez wants to get a job working with computers some day. But for now, he
depends on Casa Latina to help him find temporary employment. David Ayala coordinates the
center, which began in 1994 to aid homeless Hispanics in Seattle. Since then, he says Casa
Latina has grown into both a job center and a social gathering place:
"You can see behind my back there are people playing guitars and playing Spanish music,
and sometimes they get together and not only talk, but share their cultural values and
music. So it's not only a place for finding jobs. It's at the same time a community center."
Organizations like Casa Latina are becoming increasingly important in Seattle, as its
Hispanic population continues to grow. Barbara Serrano is a Hispanic American journalist who
works for the Seattle Times. She says that of 47,000 newcomers to the city over the past
decade, 11,000 were Spanish-speaking. The increase is having an impact throughout state:
SERRANO: "Hispanics in Washington state have the highest percentage among all ethnic groups, with
Asian Americans as a close second. What's also notable is that there are more Hispanics
living in western Washington than eastern Washington. And the reason I point that out is
that eastern Washington is largely agricultural and has been a draw for Hispanics because of
the farm work that's there. People have not tended to think of Hispanics terms of the
Seattle area, the urban part of the state, and in fact, a lot of people have been drawn more
to the urban areas because of the jobs that are available."
Job opportunities have grown in Seattle partly thanks to the success of Microsoft and
other local high tech companies. But Barbara Serrano believes there's another reason Hispanic
immigrants are attracted to the city and the state:
SERRANO: "We were one of the states back in the 1970s that welcomed Southeast Asian refugees,
after the Vietnam War. It's a very open minded state, very accepting of different racial and
ethnic groups, that's part of the northwest ethic. I think that's why people of all
different groups and ways of life feel comfortable here."
Barbara Serrano says the result has been a Hispanic population as diverse as any other
ethnic group in Seattle:
SERRANO: "A lot of them are in the service sector, they work in restaurants and hotels, in
construction jobs, that sort of thing. But there are also a lot of professionals who have moved
up from other states. At Microsoft they have an organization of their own, a support group.
And they're in research, and medical fields, and trade, the business community. Just from
some of the reporting we've done recently we've found that even the people who come in at
the lower rung of the economy are quickly moving up, and we have stories of linen
cleaners and busboys moving their way up into management at hotels and restaurants."
The growth is also having an impact on the arts. Poet and playwright Olga Sanchez is a
member of Los Nortenos, an organization for Latino writers in the area. She moved to Seattle
from New York a decade ago, and considers herself part of a migration that goes back to
the settlement of the New World:
SANCHEZ: "The first Europeans to come over were the Spanish, who chartered and gave names to
several areas, like the straits of Juan de Fuco and the San Juan islands, and then they decided
not to settle. But during World War Two there was a program initiated by the federal
government called the Bracero program to replace the work force, particularly in farming. They
made a contract with the Mexican government to bring immigrants up to begin working on
the farms, and so many people have migrated up from Mexico, from South America, from
California, from Oregon up into Washington. Washington's had a good Latino presence for many
years."
The influx of urban Latinos has also inspired a new kind of activism. In addition to
literary groups like Los Nortenos, and workers' groups like Casa Latina, Seattle now has
Hispanic counseling services, health clinics, even a nursing home. Barbara Serrano of the
Seattle Times says the Latino community is focusing special attention on its young people:
SERRANO: "One of the big initiatives within the Hispanic community in the state and in
Seattle-King County is the effort to get more students graduating from high school and into college.
And so a lot of people who are in professional jobs have been very supportive of that
effort and realizing that education is the way you move up. If I had to identify one issue
that is a major concern for a lot of people in the Hispanic community, I think it's
education."
There are signs that the city is taking notice of their concerns. Barbara Serrano says a
Seattle city council leader recently invited Latino leaders to a meeting at city hall. She
believes the local government has realized Seattle has a vital new community in its midst
and it's time to find out more about it.